Classicism Versus Positivism

Two criminological approaches that start the railway line in coetaneous criminology ar classicism and incontrovertibleness. Classicism has the origin in the eighteenth century and advantageousness in the nineteenth. Both, the mere and the positivism speculation are expanded in the chivalric with their own roots, but in straightaway criminal justice system are still alive. Classicism was first demonstrable by Cesare Beccaria and Jeremy Bentham, two famous writers which externalise in their works that both constabulary and administration of justice should be found on rationality and human rights. Cesare Beccarias cin one casept of punishment is that punishment should check up on the evil.Criminals are seen to owe a debt to beau monde and punishment should be fixed rigorously in proportion to the seriousness of the crime. (Beccaria, 1974 cited in Burke, 2001, p. 27) and Jeremy Bentham greatest principle was the greatest triumph for the greatest number, he felt that p unishments should be calculated to inflict pain in direct proportion to the damage through to the public interest. (Criminology a societal introduction, game edition, p. 56) positivism or the science of crime was first developed by Cesare Lambroso in the late nineteenth century.He is the founder of y give awayhful criminology and he is known for his notion of the throwback(prenominal) criminal (Taylor et all, 1973, p. 41) and he described criminals as atavistic, a throwback to an earlier grad of evolutionary life (Taylor et all, 1973, p. 41). Cesare Lambroso defined them into phoebe bird main categories innate(p) criminals, epileptics, insane criminals, occasional criminals and criminals of passion. (Lecture 3) Positivism within criminology has been enormously potent and comes for substantive and sustained criticism.Critics of individual positivism such as David Matza (1964) argue that it draws on three problematic sets of assumptions (Tierney, 1996) determinism, contraryi ation and pathology. (Criminology, Tim cuttingburn, p. 128) foremost both criminological approaches have different perspective on the human subject. The classicalist supposition says that human are rational beings with a free will to act and once they necessitate a decision they must(prenominal) accept the consequences after it. They are individuals and they make a ration excerpt.On the other snuff it the positivist theory says humans have no moral responsibility, they are driven into crime by forces largely out of their control and they are using methods derived from the indispensable sciences and their crime is caused by biological, psychological or social factors (determinism). Crime is not a free choice but is determined. Positivism is a deterministic theory. (Criminology a social introduction, mo edition, p. 63). Secondly in the classical model unlike positivism, it views committing crime as making a free choice (Criminology a social introduction, second edition, p. 8). In positivism theory we can view a differentiation, the criminal is a specific type of person (Criminology a social introduction, second edition, p. 62) and criminals differ from non-criminals. third between classicism and positivism is overly a pathology difference the criminals are not only different there is something hurt with them. Cesare Lombroso identified not just the born criminal, but also the emotional criminal, the morally insane criminal and masked epileptic criminal (Criminology a social introduction, second edition, p. 62).In conclusion these two contrasting approaches are different and contain distinct periods in the past, classicism and positivism. I believe it is moderately to say that their existence is not as heavily relied upon as it once was in the past. Bibliographic reference An introduction to criminological theory, Roger Hopkins Burke. (2001) Criminology a social introduction, Eamonn Carrabine, Pam Cox, Maggy Lee, Ken Plummer and Nigel South. (Sec ond edition, 2009) The New Criminology, Taylor, I. , Walton, P. and Young, J. , Chapter 1. London Routledge and Kegan Paul. (1973) Criminology, Tim Newburn. (2007)