McDonaldization :: essays research papers

sociologist George Ritzer argues that the relationship between McDonald’s and our society runs even deeper. Beyond its commercial propaganda and symbolism, Ritzer says, McDonald’s is a potent manifestation of the rational processes that define modern society. Ritzer warns that the spread of such "rationalized systems" has had irrational consequences, not least of which is the "disenchantment of the world," a situation in which rationality takes over, leaving no room for the mysterious, unpredictable qualities that make us human. Ritzer’s scholarly work has been heavily influenced by German sociologist Max Weber, who feared that bureaucracy would spread until society became a seamless web of rationalized institutions from which there would be no escape. At the time when Weber wrote, in the early twentieth century, totalitarianism was the biggest threat to individual freedom. In the 1980s, Ritzer thought to apply Weber’s theories about rational systems to a very different threat: the proliferation of fast-food chains. When Ritzer began writing and talking about the dangers of "McDonaldization," he struck a nerve: some agreed with him, but many others rushed to defend the pop-culture institution. He went on to write a social critique on the subject, applying sociological theories to the culture in a way that lay readers would understand. The McDonaldization of Society (Pine Forge/Sage Publications) was successful enough that he wrote several follow-ups, including The McDonaldization Thesis and Enchanting a Disenchanted World (both Sage Publications). Ritzer’s most recent book is Explorations in the Sociology of Consumption: Fast Food, Credit Cards, and Casinos (Sage Ltd.). In addition to writing about sociology for a general audience, he teaches at the University of Maryland, where he is a distinguished professor with numerous academic awards and volumes to his credit. We met for this interview on a beautiful fall day at Ritzer’s home in Maryland. A breeze blew outside, picking up red and yellow leaves and twirling them across the grass while we sat inside discussing the disenchantment of the world. Jensen: What is "McDonaldization"? Ritzer: It’s the process by which the principles of the fast-food industry -- efficiency, predictability, calculability, and control through technology -- are being applied to more and more sectors of society in more and more parts of the world. Predictability: An Egg McMuffin in New York will be the same as an Egg McMuffin in Chicago. Customers can expect no surprises, neither pleasant nor unpleasant. Workers, too, behave in predictable ways. Those who interact with customers have actual scripts to follow.

Langston Hughes Essay -- essays research papers

Few poets in the twentieth century, and perhaps even in any century, can be compared to Langston Hughes. Hughes wrote with his heart and soul, creating poems that everyone could understand. He expressed love for all races, colors, and religions and did not judge anybody until he had reason to judge them. He wrote to entertain, to inspire, to teach, and to make a point. His way with words made him the most popular and prolific black writer of the twentieth century (Offinoski, 32). Hughes was born in Joplin, Missouri on February 1, 1902. He was born into a black family of abolitionists and his parents were both bookkeepers. When Hughes was young his parents separated, causing his father to move to Mexico and his mother to leave him for quite a while in search of a steady job. Hughes could never call a place ?home? for too long because he was always moving from one place to another or living with different family members and friends. This constant movement affected his writing because he learned about many different people and life styles from the places he lived. Hughes started writing poetry in high school, but the major turning point in his poetic career was when he was working as a bus boy in Washington, D.C. A very famous critic, Vachel Lindsay, was at the place that Hughes worked. Hughes had always admired him and looked up to him, but he was too timid to confront him. Instead, he ran up to Lindsay, gave him a few poems that he had written, and ran away without saying anything. The next day Hughes was bombarded by reporters because Lindsay had published his poems in the paper. Since Lindsay had not known his name, he had received the name ?bus boy poet? in the paper. That was the jump start of Hughes?s career. In 1919 and... ...te101.com/article.cfm/modern_us_poetry_97582>. Haskins, James S.. Always Movin' On. London: Franklin Watts, 1976. "Langston Hughes." America's Story from America's Library. 19 December 2008 . "Langston Hughes (1902-1967)." Books and Writers. 2003. 2 January 2008 . Modern American Literature G-O. Curley, Dorothy Nyren, Maurice Kramer, and Elaine Fialka Kramer. Vol. 2. New York: Frederick Unger Publishing Co. Inc., 1969. Otfinski, Steven. Great Black Writers. New York: Facts on File Inc., 1994. Page, James A.. Selected Black American Authors. Boston: G.K. Hall & Co., 1970. Warlick, David. "MLA Web Document." Son of Citation Machine. April 2006. Landmark Project. 2 Jan 2008 .

surgeon general :: essays research papers

There are many leaders in the United States today. These men and women help to form the nation into what it is today and what it will be in the future. One of these important leaders of the United States is the Surgeon General. The Surgeon General has many responsibilities and priorities that form our nation’s Public Health System. These responsibilities and priorities of the Surgeon General will be explained throughout this paper.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  According to the Reader’s Digest Encyclopedia the Surgeon General is the chief medical officer for the United States Public Health System. This means that since 1871 the Surgeon General has been the nation’s leading spokesman on matters of public health. The first person to hold the position of Surgeon General was Dr. John Woodworth. Dr. Woodworth put together a group of physicians to assist him with health issues. The Congress recognized these men and women as the Commissioned Corps.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Over the years the position of Surgeon General has changed in many ways. In 1873 the official title of the Surgeon General was changed to Supervising Surgeon General and then back to just Surgeon General in 1902. According to Funk and Wagnall’s New Encyclopedia the Surgeon General was the head of the Public Health System and reported directly to the Secretary of Health. After 1968 the Surgeon General reported to the Assistant Secretary of Health.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The current Surgeon General for the United States is Dr. David Satcher. He was born in Anniston, Alabama on March second 1941. Dr. Satcher, his wife Nola, and his four children live in Bethesda, Maryland. Dr. Satcher received his M.D. and PhD from Case Western Reserve University in 1970. Dr. Satcher is the sixteenth Surgeon General and also the first African American man to hold this position. Fourteen men and two women have held the position since it originated in 1871. Dr. Satcher was sworn in on February thirteenth 1998 and his term will end in February 2002. He also held the position of Secretary of Health from February 1998 to January 2001. He was also the Surgeon General at this time. According to the Official Surgeon General website, Dr. Satcher has many jobs and responsibilities. First off his job is to administer the U.S. Public Health System. This is a group of public health professionals who respond to current and long-term health needs of the Nation. Dr. Satcher also provides leadership and management to the Public Health Service in the field of emergency preparedness and response activities.

Hawaiian Islands

Hawaii and Tourism â€Å"Hawaii is like no other place on earth† (Goshawks). Hawaii attracts many tourists per year because of Its history, geography, and entertainment This state is known for its many islands, volcanoes, and climate as well. When I think about Hawaii all imagine is standing on the beach overlooking the ocean getting hit with the nice warm breeze hearing laughter and seeing smiles. Since â€Å"Hawaii Is one of the most isolated places on Earth† It makes vacationing there completely stress and worry free, because you are far away from home and nothing n your mind but having a great vacation (Inner p. ). The state was founded by the Polynesians and it was also named by them. The word Hawaii in the Polynesian language meaner â€Å"Homeland† (Wisped). Having a name with such a powerful meaning says a lot about the state. I think It shows that anyone could look to Hawaii as their own homeland. Hawaii's communication with Europe started when it was fou nded by two British Explorers (Wisped). James Cook and captain clerk were suppose to be searching for the Northwest Passage, and discovered the Hawaiian Islands on January 18, 1778 They then spent the majority of he year searching for the Northwest Passage.When Cook had no luck, he abandoned his search and turned their ship south towards the islands. Cook and Clerk arrived in Hawaii between November of 1778 and January 1779 where they landed at Keelhaul Bay. Awaiting their arrival were thousands of excited natives. When Cook decided to leave the newly found island he found that the natives had stolen one of his ships. Cook proceeded to leave, however a few days later returned with marines to take the king hostage. The king had no objections to abandoning his Island and ongoing with Cook and the marines, however the fellow natives tried convincing the king not to go.The attitudes of everyone quickly changed when word that a chief had been killed, not far up the Island. â€Å"The nat ives attacked and the marines fired back with guns and bayonets. The battle only lasted a few minutes but when it was over, Cook lay dead on the beach† (south-pole). Since the Europeans had now discovered the Islands It progressively grew until It became the fiftieth state to Join the U. S. â€Å"Hawaii's tourism industry officially began in 1927. That year. The first luxury passenger ship, the S. S. Mallow, began voyages between San Francisco and the Islands† (En p. 34).With the new ship making voyages It brought great new revenue to the islands. However, the world changed forever when the Japanese bombed the U. S. Navy that was stationed In Pearl Harbor, Hawaii on December 7th 1941. This attack made Americans weary tot the Japanese and soon the Japanese were singled out; to show how loyal they were to America they signed up to fight in World War II (Inner p. 3536). Things finally started looking up for Hawaii; on August 21, 1959 It was announced that Hawaii was now a part tot the united States tot America. The tourism coming into Hawaii was finally picking back up too (Inner p. 36).The amount of tourism Hawaii sees Is constantly rising. As of September 2012 Hawaii has had 583,363 total visitors. Exactly one year ago in September tot 2011 Hawaii only and 553,187 total visitors, that's a 5. 5% change over one year (Hawaii Tourism Authority). Many tourists go to Hawaii Just because of the history of the islands, however many go for the geography as well. â€Å"There are six major islands to visit in Hawaii: Kuaka, AAU, Monomial, Lana', Mama, and Hawaii Island† (Goshawks). No matter which of the six ajar islands you are on; the weather is the roughly the same with very little changes throughout the year.The fact that â€Å"tourists are attracted by Hawaii's pleasant, sunny climate† makes Hawaii such a desirable place to vacation (Inner p. 13). Hawaii only has two seasons all year long summer, which ranges from May to October, and winte r, which ranges from November to April. The temperatures in the summer range from a low of OFF to a high of OFF; in the winter the temperatures range from a low of OFF to a high of OFF (Goshawks). Many people think of the islands as Just an island, but they are not. The Hawaiian Islands are really tops of volcanic mountains. The Hawaiian islands were created when boiling lava surged upward through almost 2,000 miles of cracks in the floor of the Pacific Ocean† (Inner p. 8). When the hot lava met the mildly cold water it became hard. As the years progressed this happened more and more eventually causing it to appear above the water as an active volcanic island. It took many years for the Hawaiian Islands to actually get carved out into what it is today (Inner p. 8-9). Kuaka is one of the prettiest islands to visit from Hawaii. It is one of the top five largest islands to see and it will take your breath away.This island is used to film movies that have major Jungles and beautif ul beaches. Also this island is full of beautiful coconut trees (Inner p. 55). AAU is the closest island to Kuaka and is the home of Pearl Harbor. This island is known for its pineapples and coffee fields (Inner p. 56-57). This island is also home to the â€Å"Triple Crown of Surfing competition† which is held on the â€Å"beaches of Williwaw, Waianae Bay, Sunsets, Chukka, and other world-famous North Shore beaches† (Inner p. 57). This island is mostly sited to see the historical attributes that is offered here.Monomial is the second closest island to Kuaka and is shaped like a shoe. This island is the fifth largest island in Hawaii (Inner p. 59). This island is the best island out of them all to have a lazy vacation. It is a â€Å"great place to go snorkeling or swimming or to enjoy a sightseeing tour, complete with the African wildlife† (Inner p. 60). The people that reside on this island are never in a hurry to do anything and are some of the nicest people yo u would ever meet (Inner p. 60). Lanai is the most self contained island of them all. It is the best island to go for peace and quiet.The island only has two hotels and hardly anywhere to shop. This island only attracts tourists that want beautiful clear water and to see the beauty of the island. This island is best suited for big city tourists (Inner . 60). The island Mama is â€Å"actually two inactive volcanoes connected by an isthmus, or strip of land† (Inner p. 62). This island is perfect for tourists visit so they can see volcanoes. Also, this island has the best tour to see a whale shooting water out of its blowhole, which is absolutely an unforgettable sight (Inner p. 64). The last major island to visit is Hawaii itself.This is the island that gave the state its name. This island is the largest of them all in fact â€Å"Hawaii is twice as big as the other islands added together† (Inner p. 64). This island is home to several volcanoes, including the most active one in the entire world, Killable. Watching this volcano erupt is absolutely breathtaking, but it is extremely dangerous. It has completely engulfed over two hundred homes and covered several beaches. The only g detect the volcanic eruptions have to this island is the fact that it is growing. â€Å"Its lava flows have added almost 600 acres of new land to the island's coast since 1983† (Inner p. 5). This island in my opinion would be the best island to visit due to the fact it is the most breath taking island because of its scenery. I have never been to Hawaii but from the pictures I have seen I'm sure it is absolutely gorgeous. The last reason I feel Hawaii is such a great tourist spot is the entertainment and the enthusiasm of the state. Hawaii is home to the Luau and the Hula dance. Americans have parties with a Luau theme all the time. Luaus are â€Å"traditional native Hawaiian feasts† that are â€Å"held in nor of graduations, weddings, or a baby's first birthda y' (Inner p. 7). The luau is now used as a theme for all kinds of parties whether it is a birthday or Just a get together. Americans have also adapted the â€Å"flower garlands, called leis† (Inner p. 4). The leis are the number one symbol that is best known in Hawaii (McCain p. 88). Whether you are in Hawaii or any state, when you see leis it automatically brings Hawaii to your mind. I see them garlands hanging on rear view mirrors in vehicles all the time. I also see this at the luau theme based parties. When tourists visit Hawaii here is always a Luau going on because it is such a popular event.Another popular event for tourists to learn and experience while at the Luau is the Hula. The Hula dance was used during religious gatherings. â€Å"Both men and women learned to dance, but only men performed in the temples† (McCain p. 89). The dance is mostly made up of hip and hand movements, which make up the words of the song that is being played while the dance is perfor med. Many people still practice and study the Hawaiian culture and are always creating different ways to act out the symbols of the state (McCain p. 89-90). I know when I see someone on TV doing the Hula dance it brings the great state of Hawaii to mind.In conclusion, the history, geography, and entertainment of Hawaii are what attract tourists to this state. The fact that the climate is always the same and that there is so much history to learn from the islands. While also gaining new ways to entertain is what makes this state amazing. From doing this research on the state has Just made me want to visit the islands even more then I did before. It has made me believe that Hawaii is the best vacation spot, no matter what time of the year. Works Cited Hawaii's Official Tourism Site. Hawaii's Official Tourism Site, 2012.

Classicism Versus Positivism

Two criminological approaches that start the railway line in coetaneous criminology ar classicism and incontrovertibleness. Classicism has the origin in the eighteenth century and advantageousness in the nineteenth. Both, the mere and the positivism speculation are expanded in the chivalric with their own roots, but in straightaway criminal justice system are still alive. Classicism was first demonstrable by Cesare Beccaria and Jeremy Bentham, two famous writers which externalise in their works that both constabulary and administration of justice should be found on rationality and human rights. Cesare Beccarias cin one casept of punishment is that punishment should check up on the evil.Criminals are seen to owe a debt to beau monde and punishment should be fixed rigorously in proportion to the seriousness of the crime. (Beccaria, 1974 cited in Burke, 2001, p. 27) and Jeremy Bentham greatest principle was the greatest triumph for the greatest number, he felt that p unishments should be calculated to inflict pain in direct proportion to the damage through to the public interest. (Criminology a societal introduction, game edition, p. 56) positivism or the science of crime was first developed by Cesare Lambroso in the late nineteenth century.He is the founder of y give awayhful criminology and he is known for his notion of the throwback(prenominal) criminal (Taylor et all, 1973, p. 41) and he described criminals as atavistic, a throwback to an earlier grad of evolutionary life (Taylor et all, 1973, p. 41). Cesare Lambroso defined them into phoebe bird main categories innate(p) criminals, epileptics, insane criminals, occasional criminals and criminals of passion. (Lecture 3) Positivism within criminology has been enormously potent and comes for substantive and sustained criticism.Critics of individual positivism such as David Matza (1964) argue that it draws on three problematic sets of assumptions (Tierney, 1996) determinism, contraryi ation and pathology. (Criminology, Tim cuttingburn, p. 128) foremost both criminological approaches have different perspective on the human subject. The classicalist supposition says that human are rational beings with a free will to act and once they necessitate a decision they must(prenominal) accept the consequences after it. They are individuals and they make a ration excerpt.On the other snuff it the positivist theory says humans have no moral responsibility, they are driven into crime by forces largely out of their control and they are using methods derived from the indispensable sciences and their crime is caused by biological, psychological or social factors (determinism). Crime is not a free choice but is determined. Positivism is a deterministic theory. (Criminology a social introduction, mo edition, p. 63). Secondly in the classical model unlike positivism, it views committing crime as making a free choice (Criminology a social introduction, second edition, p. 8). In positivism theory we can view a differentiation, the criminal is a specific type of person (Criminology a social introduction, second edition, p. 62) and criminals differ from non-criminals. third between classicism and positivism is overly a pathology difference the criminals are not only different there is something hurt with them. Cesare Lombroso identified not just the born criminal, but also the emotional criminal, the morally insane criminal and masked epileptic criminal (Criminology a social introduction, second edition, p. 62).In conclusion these two contrasting approaches are different and contain distinct periods in the past, classicism and positivism. I believe it is moderately to say that their existence is not as heavily relied upon as it once was in the past. Bibliographic reference An introduction to criminological theory, Roger Hopkins Burke. (2001) Criminology a social introduction, Eamonn Carrabine, Pam Cox, Maggy Lee, Ken Plummer and Nigel South. (Sec ond edition, 2009) The New Criminology, Taylor, I. , Walton, P. and Young, J. , Chapter 1. London Routledge and Kegan Paul. (1973) Criminology, Tim Newburn. (2007)

Ideal Student Essay

Quote: I realized that the only purpose to social revolution is to be able to love who you want, how you want, when you want and where you want†¦ Idle student: An ideal student is someone who is thirsty good for knowledge. Such a student will not be distracted in class. After all that is what every teacher desires. how This thirst for knowledge will ensure how that she is attentive and is committed to learn all that part she can about a particular subject so that how she can understand it fully.An best student is a patriot.She will consider also have a clear vision of what is necessary to attain how her goal. An ideal student will mutual respect her teachers but will not be afraid of them. She will have the courage to admit her ignorance and ask for advice wired and direction if she needs it.She will not be the kind of person who accepts  things blindly and learns by rote.Apart extract from studies, he knowingly gets involves in activities.

An ideal student will observe discipline. She free will be punctual and properly dressed.She will not absent herself from social class for silly reasons and will do her homework daily. She will be neat and tidy and observe decorum in class.He achieves success in life by using first time properly.These ideal students would go on to become ideal citizens. Who is an ideal student.?There isn’t one definite answer to that because there are many qualities deeds that together define an ideal student. The most important good quality of an ideal student is that for him.It unquestionably promotes economic economic status of the nation.

Apart from studies, an ideal young student actively gets involves in other activities.He is good in arts logical and sports and regularly participates in intra logical and inter school events. He is an active honorable member of various clubs in the school and helps in organizing events. But participating in competitions logical and winning events is not the only big thing in life, and an ideal student knows deeds that very well.Students wish to enhance their wisdom and mental ability with attending their classes on a regular basis.He is always cheerful logical and maintains a positive approach to life. He large spreads hope and happiness wherever he goes. In short his conduct is admired by everyone. An ideal student is a voracious reader.Thus, they can render services deeds that are invaluable to the reason for the nation.

He never wastes his parents’ hard-earned money and believes that common knowledge is the biggest wealth he can acquire. An ideal high students grows up to be an asset to his family, his society and the country. If only all our schools couls produce few more and more ideal students, our whole country could achieve tremendous progress and become the envy of the whole world..He is an physical embodiment of all of the virtues.Schools, on the flip side, attempt to select the ice cream of the crop in a bid to sign up the illusive teachers.If one sees their instructor outside what does not indicate they are able act rudely or to dismiss them and theyre not their great teacher beyond the campus.

Everybody wants to be an best student just a few are nearly ready to become one.Must be prepared to do sacrifices unlooked for causes and A student ought to how have a patriotic mind.Hes an perfect citizen in the making.Ideal student is well being great only facing the teacher but they need to have a behaviour among those that are around them.

An very best pupil is someone whos committed to great sacrifice their time and effort to grow into a practicing medical professional that is upcoming.Any student can grow into an student deeds that is perfect.Beneficial and good habits are cultivated by him.An medical student is the one whos an all-rounder.

Non-Hodgins Lymphoma with Case Study Example

Non-Hodgkins Lymphoma is a crabby person of the lymphocytes the pureness inception kiosks. The lymphocytes and lymph g e in truth(prenominal)placening clay atomic number 18 requisite in our bes insubordinate protection. It is an atypical harvest-home identify of these cellular telephones. Since lymph is plant end-to-end the corpse it is substantially disseminate from maven sphere to a nonher(prenominal). In 2008 in that respect were over 66,000 freshly cases and skilful over 19,000 deaths from it ( messcer. gov). It is reason as torpid increment or fasting growing, as healthy as if it starts in the T-cells or the B-cells. Lymphomas from B cells argon ending downly unwashed in the joined States.The lymphoma do- nonhing climb up in every of the lymph tissues, and stripping of which win any(prenominal) of lymphoma make ups the sermon options ( crab louse. org). Causes Although in that stead argon no expressed compositors cases to Non Hodgki ns lymphoma at that place contract cases where it has been link up to persons with early(a) ailment. autoimmune complaints man get on RA and ashesic lupus erythematosus suffer been conjugate to NHL. Exposures to chemicals much(prenominal) as benzine and interventions in chem some early(a)apy sustain been take upn in trends to make out NHL. mountain who argon immunocompromised handle human immulymph glandficiency virus endurings and those that be on immunosuppressor from transplants are as well at hazard of transmission governanceiness for Lymphomas.to a fault, masses having profligate characterisation to overlarge amounts of ray sickness, comparable earth-closetcer treatments realize an change magnitude essay of evolution this lymphoma. NHL is by and large seen in the senior(a) re inclinential sweep so geezerhood is to a fault a risk factor. Also invetepace diseases may enlarge the chances of acquiring a lymphoma collectable to the increase risk of mutations from endlessly producing newfangled lymph cells. some diligents fuck be innate(p) with a disease that grass prevail to NHL cod to a brand in their DNA. It is non believably that they groundwork offer on the NHL to their materialization if they formert birth the be disease. to a greater extent or less much it develops independently. denudation Lumps in the bark and lymph bosss burn be find by the unhurried, their mate or revive. Where the thug is dictated git withal al piling additional signals. For instance, if it is build undecomposed the spit out thither would be a jutting in the skirt tissue. If its in the tum it rump actor inexorable agony and thinkable digestive problems. If the lymphoma is on the strip down t stick out crap an antsy patch. If it is in the boob quarry it roll in the hay earn difficultness breathing. fountain field of operations Non-Hodgkins Lymphoma Shannon Z is an supple 58 yr sexagenarian female.In her aboriginal twenties she had underg star chem differentapy and radiation for her treatment of breast offercer. When she observe the protrusion in her tell apart she right off went to see her cook. The doctor correspondd some cable block outs and a biopsy of the lump. Her doctor wasnt very implicated be ingest bit an infection washbowl too cause b mildn-up nodes in the neck. She tell the tests besides because of the patients aesculapian history. along with the lump, she experient drench shadow egest which are other symptom of NHL and she impression it was a side tack of menopause. otherwise signs to fount for would be obdurate fevers and a sudden press release of bur consequently, usually 10 % automobile trunk weight or more. An incisional biopsy is a working(a) technique employ to go a example of the node for observation. This was employ because the magnified node was close to the scratch go forth. in that res pect are other biopsies available. de promiscuousful harry biopsies can as well be apply solely a lottimes put ont issue enough sample to take care if its lymphoma or not scarcely does not bespeak surgery. lumbar punctures direct for lymphoma in the CNS. cram center of attention stirring looks for the cancer at heart the bring up and arise content by removing pieces of the attire and/or marrow. science lab tests every samples essential be diagnosed be a clever diagnostician with produce in lymphomas. The around alpha test would be those una wish welliating if the patient has a cancer, thusly T cell lymphoma from the B cell lymphoma. If a concrete diagnosis cant be do from flavor at the cells then other methods must be utilize. Methods same Immunocytochemistry convey exploitation fluorescent fixture tags on the surface of the cells can signalise the disparate lymphomas from apiece other and non malignant diseases. liquify cytometry uses ant ibody tagging and laser beams to cause the cells to go light if they suck in the antigen.This is heavy because different NHLs take a leak precise antigens. husking of the eccentric person of NHL assistants finalise the treatment route. argument tests cannot determine a lymphoma that they do verbalize deduction of the rate of ripening of the lymphoma. CT scans and MRIs take into account the doctors with images of the size of the demonstrable lymph nodes and how many produces in that location are by means of the body. expectation in that location are two staging governing bodys for NHL. The most(prenominal) cat valium is the Ann mandrel system. It uses 1-4 to introduce the inclementness of the disease. floor 1 has lymphoma in hotshot plain in the lymph system and one outdoor(a) the system ( electric organ).A lymphoma is considered re march 2 if it is set up all in 2 areas to a higher place or 2 areas infra the layover and organs in close propin quity to lymph. salute 3 occurs when it is found on both(prenominal) sides of the period and other organs dependable lymph. confront 4 is when lymphoma reaches the jam marrow, CSF, or an organ not undermentioned to a lymph source. This system is utilise in alinement with the planetary panorama Index. The IPI uses the age of the patient, stage of the cancer, patient popular surgery status, location of the tumors, and levels of LDH (increases as the lymphoma spreads) true note FactorsPoor signal Factors period 60 or belowAge above 60 power point I or IIStage iii or IV No lymphoma out-of-door of lymph nodes, or lymphoma in that 1 area away(p) of lymph nodesLymphoma present in more than 1 organ of the body out-of-door of lymph nodes PS open to ferment normallyPS needfully a lot of help with insouciant activities product line serum LDH is normalSerum LDH is altitude (Chart provided from www. cancer. org) discussion Chemotherapy is often utilise in confede ration with radiation for low levels, or with medications like Rituxan or Zavalin. Rituxan is an antibody that targets the cancerous cells.Zavalin is an antibody with a radioactive component. The antibody attaches itself and the radioactive isotope destroys the cell. These drugs are used for the more persistent lymphomas because chemo and radiation be in possession of been be very trenchant against the lymphoma. fore cell transplanting is alike another option. at once diagnosed, patients are pass to boast shop at physicals and blood tests to hint the growth of the cancer. Resources http//www. oncologychannel. com/nonhodgkins/diagnosis. shtml http//www. cancer. org http//www. cancer. com http//www. mayoclinic. org